Health officials are investigating an increase in cases of cyclosporiasis, an intestinal illness caused by the microscopic parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. Louisiana is among the states reporting cases during the current national surge, prompting renewed attention to food safety practices for consumers, fresh produce growers and food handlers.
According to the Louisiana Department of Health, more than 23 cases have been reported in Louisiana this year. Nationally, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has received hundreds of confirmed reports from multiple states and is working with state and federal partners to identify the sources of illness.
Cyclosporiasis is transmitted when people consume food or water contaminated with human fecal material containing the parasite. Fresh produce has frequently been implicated in previous outbreaks, including leafy greens, cilantro, basil, berries and salad mixes.
“Cyclospora is different from many other foodborne pathogens because humans are the only known source of contamination,” said Achyut Adhikari, LSU AgCenter Extension food safety specialist. “Preventing contamination requires a strong focus on worker health, hygiene, sanitation and proper management of water and waste systems throughout the production environment.”
Adhikari said the increase in cases underscores the importance of following food safety practices that can help reduce the risk of Cyclospora infection among consumers and producers.
Symptoms of cyclosporiasis typically begin about one week after consuming contaminated food or water. Common symptoms include watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, bloating, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss and low-grade fever. Symptoms can last for several weeks if left untreated and may return after initially improving.
Unlike many bacterial foodborne illnesses, Cyclospora presents unique challenges for public health officials and food producers. The parasite can survive for extended periods in the environment, and common sanitizers used for fruits and vegetables are not highly effective against it. In addition, symptoms often appear days or weeks after exposure, making it difficult to identify the original source of contamination.
The LSU AgCenter encourages consumers to follow basic food safety practices:
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Wash fruits and vegetables under running water before consumption.
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Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before handling food.
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Refrigerate cut fruits and vegetables promptly.
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Clean and sanitize food-contact surfaces regularly.
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Seek medical attention if diarrhea is severe or persistent.
For growers and produce handlers, prevention begins on the farm. Recommended practices include providing accessible and properly maintained toilet and handwashing facilities, training workers on hygiene and sanitation, excluding sick employees from produce-handling activities, monitoring water sources and implementing plans to prevent contamination from sewage leaks, flooding or other environmental events.
Cases of cyclosporiasis historically increase during the warmer months, particularly between May and August, when fresh produce consumption is high and environmental conditions may favor survival of the parasite. Public health officials continue to investigate current cases and potential food sources.
